Beneath and beyond the reddish, flaky lesions that form in the skin of those with psoriasis, mild and severe forms of the disease can be told apart by the activity of key cells and signaling pathways, a new study shows.

Researchers have for the first time characterized a unique molecular mechanism of the early stages of programmed cell death or apoptosis, a process which plays a crucial role in prevention of cancer.

Author(s): Nickolas H. Pilgram, Arian Jadbabaie, Chandler J. Conn, and Nicholas R. HutzlerThe authors demonstrate a method for high-resolution spectroscopy of excited vibrational states of molecules without the need for optical cycling, and apply it to measure the A(100) - X(300) band in YbOH. The method, whose sensitivity could be further improved, should have broad utility for molecular laser cooling, and applications that make use of excited vibrational states such as searches for fundamental symmetry violations, searches for ultralight dark matter, etc. [Phys. Rev. A 107, 062805] Published Fri Jun 02, 2023

Symbiotic and pathogenic fungi that interact with plants are distantly related and don't share many genetic similarities. Comparing plant pathogenic fungi and plant symbiotic fungi, scientists at the Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU) have discovered that these remote relatives are using a similar group of proteins to manipulate and live within plants.

A team of medical scientists at The Catholic University of America, in Washington, D.C., working with a colleague from Purdue University, has developed a way to engineer the bacteriophage T4 to serve as a vector for molecular repair. The study is reported in the journal Nature Communications.

INTEGRA Biosciences’ PIPETBOY acu 2 pipette controller is helping researchers in the Immune Sensing and Signaling Dynamics group/ImmunoHUB at the i3S in Porto, Portugal, to further their research into the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in infection and cancer.

Researchers have discovered a new response mechanism specific to exposure to nanoparticles that is common to multiple species. By analysing a large collection of datasets concerning the molecular response to nanomaterials, they have revealed an ancestral epigenetic mechanism of defence that explains how different species, from humans to simpler creatures, adapt to this type of exposure.

Using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), an international team of astronomers has observed a nearby molecular cloud designated Lynds 43. Results of the observations, published May 18 on the arXiv pre-print server, provide more hints into the complex magnetic field of this cloud.

The labs of Lauren Jackson, associate professor of biological sciences and biochemistry, and Todd Graham, Stevenson Professor of Biological Sciences at the College of Arts and Science and professor of cell and developmental biology, recently published a study in the Journal of Cell Biology describing a significant interaction between an essential protein complex used for protein and lipid transport—the COPI complex—and its regulator protein.

To produce its many functions, including thought, the brain works at many scales. Information such as goals or images is represented by coordinated electrical activity among networks of neurons, while within and around each neuron a mix of proteins and other chemicals physically carries out the mechanics of participating in the network.

Two-dimensional (2D) perovskite thin films possess diverse tunability, excellent optoelectronic properties and superior long-term stability, which are of great significance for high performance of perovskite solar cells. This study was led by Professor Guifu Zou from College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative illness with genetic and environmental origins.

Nearly half of all cancer patients suffer from excessive weight loss due to the loss of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues, or cachexia.

Molecular clocks in our cells synchronize our bodies with the cycle of night and day, cue us for sleep and waking, and drive daily cycles in virtually every aspect of our physiology. Scientists studying the molecular mechanisms of our biological clocks have now identified a key event that controls the timing of the clock.

Assemblies of tiny molecular proteins span the membranes that encapsulate our cells, directing cellular activities and regulating the transport of materials and information in and out.

New research reveals that the fundamental processes driven by copper are consistent across both inflammation and cancer metastasis. This newfound understanding of the influence of copper on cellular plasticity may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies in the future.

How do our brains become capable of creating specific memories? In one of the first preclinical studies to examine memory development in youth, a research team at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) may have identified a molecular cause for memory changes in early childhood.

A new study adds to an emerging, radically new picture of how bacterial cells continually repair faulty sections of their DNA.

Researchers at Kanazawa University report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences high-speed atomic force microscopy experiments that show how ligands associated with stimulating and suppressing activation of the TRPV1 protein increase and decrease the molecule's structural variations. The observations provide insights into how these heat- and chili-sensing proteins function.

Drs Sharyn Lewin and Ramez Eskander share their thoughts on comprehensive molecular testing for all women with endometrial cancer.

The testis is the natural stem cell reservoir for the formation of male germ cells. Understanding this process is a prerequisite for enabling the formation of male germ cells "in the test tube." This procedure is becoming increasingly important because it can be used to preserve and multiply the genetic potential of specimens from which no vital sperm can be obtained.

Author(s): Hongda Jiang and Shenshen WangA study of the mechanical forces in certain immune cells may give new insights into how organisms deal with ever-evolving pathogens. [Phys. Rev. X 13, 021022] Published Wed May 10, 2023

Researchers at FHAIVE (Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches), Tampere University, have discovered a new response mechanism specific to exposure to nanoparticles that is common to multiple species.

An international team of botanists, plant biologists and biochemists, has found an important pathway used by roses to produce their familiar sweet smell. In their study, reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the group tracked down the pathway that allows binding molecules to produce the chemicals required to create the aroma associated with roses.

In this interview, Istvan Szatmari, the Head of The Genomic Core Facility at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, talks to NewsMed about the evolution of Molecular Biology.

By using deep learning-generated 'fingerprints' to characterize millions of protein fragments, researchers have computationally designed novel protein binders that attach seamlessly to key targets, including the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

From early detection and internal treatment of diseases to futuristic applications like augmenting human memory, biological computing, or

Psilocybin is a hallucinogenic compound found in about 200 mushroom species, including the liberty cap (Psilocybe semilanceata). For millennia, our ancestors have known and used this substance, and in recent years, it has received renewed interest from scientific researchers and therapists.

From early detection and internal treatment of diseases to futuristic applications like augmenting human memory, biological computing, or biocomputing, has the potential to revolutionize medicine and computers.

In this interview conducted at Pittcon 2023 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, we spoke to Ron Heeran, a speaker at the 2023 James L. Waters Symposium.

Researchers have triggered a transition in a non living system that replicates cooperative behaviors often found in viruses.

A team led by bioinformatics experts Andreas Keller and Fabian Kern from Saarland University together with researchers at Stanford University have gained new insights into manifestations of aging at the molecular level. They found that the process of reading genetic information does not run as smoothly in older individuals as it does in younger ones.

Author(s): Charles DayMachines that consist of two coupled biomolecules trade thermodynamic efficiency for operating speed. [Physics 16, s56] Published Thu Apr 27, 2023

Author(s): Matthew P. Leighton and David A. SivakMachines that consist of two coupled biomolecules trade thermodynamic efficiency for operating speed. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 178401] Published Thu Apr 27, 2023

A "window to evolution" has opened after mathematicians uncovered the universal explanatory framework for how molecules interact with one another to adapt to new and variable conditions while maintaining tight control over key survival properties.

Why do some animals regenerate lost tissues after injury while others don't? Researchers from the lab of Kerstin Bartscherer (Osnabrück University and formerly Hubrecht Institute) and Ashley Seifert (University of Kentucky) studied spiny mice, which have a remarkable regenerative capacity, to answer this question. They compared and modulated the injury responses of these mice and common laboratory mice, that show scarring upon injury. This revealed that ERK signaling is a crucial molecular switch between scarring and regeneration.

In recent years, many physicists worldwide have introduced atomic clocks, systems to measure the passing of time that are based on quantum states of atoms. These clocks can have numerous valuable applications, for instance in the development of satellite and navigation systems.

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are new therapeutics that can be used to treat a variety of diseases. This has increased the need for safe, effective, and targeted methods of siRNA delivery in cells....

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are novel therapeutics that can be used to treat a wide range of diseases.

A species of ordinary gut bacteria that we all carry flourishes when the intestinal flora is knocked out by a course of antibiotics. Since the bacteria is naturally resistant to many antibiotics, it causes problems, particularly in healthcare settings.

The plant cell walls represent the cellular basis for plant architecture and constitute the major component of plant biomass. Formation of multiple agronomic traits, e.g., plant height and mechanical force, largely depends upon orderly deposition of plant cell walls and precise control of cell wall biosynthesis. Therefore, cell wall accumulation is tightly coupled with various biological processes of plant growth and development.

Discrete metal–organic cages (MOCs) with unique cavities have attracted considerable research attention. Their accessible hydrophobic inner spaces can absorb and orient guest molecules by means of supermolecular interactions, making them broadly applicable to molecular encapsulation, among other applications.

When did molecular oxygen, the gas that all large and complex forms of life on Earth today require to function, first appear on Earth?

Factors including ARID1A mutations and tumor mutational burden appear to correlate with progression-free survival and overall survival following immunotherapy for advanced bladder cancer.

Dr David O’Malley, an expert gynecologic oncologist, details molecular profiling and risk stratification for patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma.

Tiny aerosols particles in the atmosphere have a significant effect on the climate. They affect the climate directly by interacting with solar radiation. Depending on the type of particle, they can block sunlight, cooling the atmosphere, or absorb sunlight, warming the atmosphere. They also affect climate indirectly by acting as seeds for warm and cold cloud formation. But scientists lack information on these aerosols' molecular composition. This is especially true of aerosols during the day and night above agricultural fields.

Dr David O’Malley, an expert gynecologic oncologist, details molecular profiling and risk stratification for patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma.

Factors including ARID1A mutations and tumor mutational burden appear to correlate with progression-free survival and overall survival following immunotherapy for advanced bladder cancer.

Newly synthesized organic molecules can be tuned to emit different colors depending on their molecular structures in crystal form.

Gracilariaceae are economically and ecologically important red algae found worldwide that are used to produce agar. Although Gracilariaceae diversity in China has been well described in morphological studies, molecular phylogenetic studies are rare.

A tiny molecular syringe with bizarre origins could overhaul one of the thorniest problems in medicine: getting drugs to their target destinations inside the body. The source? Bacteria living in the gut of insects. The brain child of Dr. Feng Zhang at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Broad Institute, the spring-loaded nanomachine looks a […]

Researchers assessed the cellular and molecular level immunopathology of PCLD.

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used anti-cancer treatments, the mechanisms underlying their antitumor effects are not

Susan Iglesias-Groth, of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) and Martina Marín-Dobrincicof the Polytechnic University of Cartagena have discovered the presence of numerous prebiotic molecules in the star formation region IC348 of the Perseus Molecular Cloud, a young star cluster some 2-3 million years old.

DGIST (President: Kook Yang) announced on March 16th that the research team led by Professor Byung-Chang Suh has investigated for the first time the real-time effect of the G-protein cycle, which acts as a switch in our body, on the structural changes in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).

In both physics and chemistry, the mesoscopic scale refers to the length scale on which the properties of a material or phenomenon can be studied, without entering into a discussion about the behavior of individual atoms. In a mesoscopic model, atomic scales are merged with the continuous scale, so they are quite difficult to develop.

An international team of space scientists has observed a "cold stream" of molecular gas outside of a galaxy, confirming theories of star formation within galaxies. In their study, published in the journal Science, the group used the array of radio telescopes at the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) to focus on the stream and learn more about its nature. Caitlin Casey, an astronomer at the University of Texas, has published a Perspective piece on the work done by the team in the same journal issue.

A research team led by Professor Byung-Chang Suh has investigated the real-time effect of the G-protein cycle, which acts as a switch in the body, on the structural changes in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Their study is published in the journal Nature Communications.

This work is a milestone in the mesoscopic simulation of DNA. It presents a systematic and comprehensive study of DNA movement correlations and a new method to capture them.

Researchers investigated the feasibility of utilizing a bacterial contractile injection system for programmable protein delivery.

The authors of a new study under review at the journal Scientific Reports and currently posted to the Research Square preprint* server proposed a novel analysis pipeline to help identify mutations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) primer regions.

Study outlines molecular mechanisms to aid the development of new therapies to manage obesity and associated health disorders.

Author(s): Charles DayResearchers have attained a 100-fold increase in the accuracy of a molecular clock that could serve as a terahertz-frequency standard and as a platform for investigating new physics. [Physics 16, 36] Published Tue Mar 28, 2023

Author(s): K. H. Leung, B. Iritani, E. Tiberi, I. Majewska, M. Borkowski, R. Moszynski, and T. ZelevinskyResearchers have attained a 100-fold increase in the accuracy of a molecular clock that could serve as a terahertz-frequency standard and as a platform for investigating new physics. [Phys. Rev. X 13, 011047] Published Tue Mar 28, 2023

Eadweard Muybridge's electrifying photos of a galloping horse set the world on fire when he created the precursor to what became motion pictures. For today's scientists, a new upgrade to one of the world's most powerful hard X-ray light sources could improve the way molecular movies are made. These could reveal hidden secrets of different chemicals, potentially paving the way for new treatments and pharmaceuticals.

In a study recently published in the journal ACS Nano, researchers from Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, collaborating with University of Washington, Seattle, U.S., used frequency modulated atomic force microscopy to reveal the molecular architecture of a genetically designed peptide and its self-organization that forms single-molecule thick crystals on atomically flat graphite surfaces, offering a potential platform for hybrid technologies such as bioelectronics, biosensors and protein arrays.

Chronic pain, nausea or vomiting due to chemotherapy. If you suffer from such ailments, medicinal cannabis can be a godsend. Though a downside is that it can make patients high. Therefore, Leiden researchers from the Oncode Institute are investigating alternatives that do not make you high. In Nature Communications, they published an important breakthrough.

Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI have deciphered the molecular processes that first occur in the eye when light hits the retina. The processes—which take only a fraction of a trillionth of a second—are essential for human sight. The study has now been published in the scientific journal Nature.

Molecular engineers triggered a domino-like structural transition in an organic semiconductor. The energy- and time-saving phenomenon may enhance the performance of smartwatches, solar cells, and other organic electronics.

The virus responsible for E. coli infection has a secret weapon: teamwork.

Whether or not animals can taste basic or alkaline food and how they do it has remained a mystery until now. A research group led by Yali Zhang, Ph.D., principal investigator at the Monell Chemical Senses Center, recently addressed this question, as they similarly did for sour taste in 2021 on the lower end of the pH scale. Their work, published today in Nature Metabolism, identified a previously unknown chloride ion channel, which they named alkaliphile (Alka), as a taste receptor for alkaline pH.

A clearer understanding about the markers and drivers of cancer cell proliferation has emerged from research that identifies new opportunities to overcome convergence with complex enzymes, known as kinases. The work paves the way for new approaches to study the molecular drivers of disease states such as cancer.

What is a peptide, and how is it different than a protein? Just like a protein, a peptide also has a chain of natural amino acids, but it is much shorter, say 10-30 units, compared to those in...

Researchers discuss molecular methods for food allergy assessments, including diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as existing therapies.

With the aid of some sea slugs, University of Nebraska–Lincoln chemists have discovered that one of the smallest conceivable tweaks to a biomolecule can elicit one of the grandest conceivable consequences: directing the activation of neurons.

Breaking a longstanding impasse in our understanding of olfaction, scientists at UC San Francisco (UCSF) have created the first molecular-level, 3D picture of how an odor molecule activates a human odorant receptor, a crucial step in deciphering the sense of smell.

Researchers have demonstrated self-organization of the peptides on a solid surface and visualized them at unprecedented molecular resolution - knowledge that is essential in designing hybrid biomolecular nanodevices for use in biology and technology alike.

Super-resolution microscopy methods are essential for uncovering the structures of cells and the dynamics of molecules. Since researchers overcame the resolution limit of around 250 nanometers (while winning the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their efforts), which had long been considered absolute, the methods of microscopy have progressed rapidly.

LMU researchers have developed a super-resolution microscopy method for the rapid differentiation of molecular structures in 3D.

A research team led by Prof. Yuan Shuguang from Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Prof. Zhang Huawei from the South University of Science and Technology has revealed the molecular mechanism of pannexin 2 (Panx2) as an ATP membrane pore channel.

Researchers made a further advance through the combination of various methods, achieving the highest resolution in three-dimensional space and paving the way for a fundamentally new approach for faster imaging of dense molecular structures.

Scientists have shown that swarming molecular robots can deliver cargo five times more efficiently than a robot working on its own.

Like poles support a tent, microtubules-;hollow cylindrical structures made of tubulin protein-;support eukaryotic cells.

Author(s): Alireza NojehThe molecular orbitals of a single C 6 0 molecule on a tungsten tip can be used to shape the emission pattern of electrons. [Physics 16, 35] Published Wed Mar 08, 2023

Similar in function to ballast tanks in submarines or fish bladders, many water-based bacteria use gas vesicles to regulate their floatability. In a new publication in Cell, scientists from the Departments of Bionanoscience and Imaging Physics now describe the molecular structure of these vesicles for the first time. These gas vesicles were also recently repurposed as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging.

Infrared spectroscopy is a noninvasive tool used to identify unknown samples and known chemical substances. It is based on how different molecules interact with infrared light. You may have seen this tool at airports, where they screen for illicit drugs. The technique has many applications: liquid biopsy, environmental gas monitoring, contaminant detection, forensic analyses, exoplanet searches, etc.

The animal brain consists of tens of billions of neurons or nerve cells that perform complex tasks like processing emotions, learning, and making judgments by communicating with each other via neurotransmitters.