Within and upon every human being reside countless microorganisms -; the microbiota that help shape and direct the lives of their hosts. A similar phenomenon occurs between people, microbes and the homes they share.

Researchers describe how the microbiomes of people and the homes they live in interact and change each other.

Within and upon every human being reside countless microorganisms—the microbiota that help shape and direct the lives of their hosts. A similar phenomenon occurs between people, microbes and the homes they share.

The photoelectric effect is one of the most fundamental light-matter interactions, which is widely used in probing ultrafast dynamics in atoms, molecules and condensed matters. It has been in the research spotlight for more than 100 years and most of its natural aspects are well-understood. However, the basic questions about how long the photoionization process takes and how to identify the specific mechanisms responsible for the measured time delay are open and debated.

A new study reveals important molecular information that could help scientists develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies for a difficult-to-treat form of melanoma skin cancer.

A new study reveals important molecular information that could help scientists develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies for a difficult-to-treat form of melanoma skin cancer.

Results of a study of molecular tumor profiling in young patients revealed a high rate of genetic alterations with potential for impacting clinical care, including clarifying diagnoses and treatment with matched, precision cancer drugs.

A collaborative project between the labs of Maulik Patel, assistant professor of biological sciences, and Kris Burkewitz, assistant professor of cell and developmental biology, has identified a new molecular pathway that plays a key role in the ability of cells to sense and respond to stressed mitochondria. Defects in mitochondrial function are particularly relevant to aging and aging-related diseases.

In about a fifth of the cases of Parkinson's disease, look to a small, malfunctioning protein in the lysosome as a risk factor, say University of Michigan researchers.

Researchers developed an integrated approach combining NGS, molecular barcoding, machine learning, and bioinformatics to enable high-throughput detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Impure chemical mixtures can now be separated based on differences in molecular silhouette. Membranes have been developed with nanoscale pores that match the shape of impurities in the mix so that only the impurity can pass through. KAUST researchers have suggested that the first application of these metal-organic framework (MOF) based shape-selective membranes could be energy-efficient, low-cost purification of natural gas.

Assembly of HIV-1, which causes AIDS, takes place on the inner plasma membrane leaflet of infected cells, a geometric building process that creates hexamers out of trimers of the viral Gag protein, as guided by Gag's N-terminal matrix domain.

In a new study published in Nature Chemical Biology, researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) have revealed the molecular mechanics of a cell-surface molecule that is a potential immunotherapy target. Using sophisticated techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the researchers demonstrated the importance of so-called chaperone molecules in stabilizing this target, known as MHC-I-related protein 1 (MR1).

Scientists have identified the biochemical signals that control the emergence of the body pattern in the primate embryo.

Over the last few decades, researchers have built minuscule molecular machines that rotate or shuttle other molecules. However,

Scientists have identified the biochemical signals that control the emergence of the body pattern in the primate embryo. This will guide work to understand birth defects and pregnancy loss in humans.

Star formation is arguably the most important process in the universe. Over their lifetimes, and then with their deaths, stars produce of all the chemical elements except for hydrogen and helium (produced in the big bang). In their youth, stars nurture the birth of planets and smaller bodies, and their demise results in supernovae, super-dense bodies like black holes, neutron stars or white dwarfs, and nebulae.

In a recent study under review at the Scientific Reports journal and currently posted to the Research Square* preprint server, researchers synthesized and evaluated the antitumoral (against several cancer cell lines) and antiviral [against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] properties of 3-spiro-indolin-2-ones.

Despite women with multiple myeloma being more likely to have certain cytogenetic risk factors vs men, sex did not appear to impact efficacy.

In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* pre-print server, researchers in the United States demonstrated that the acidic milieu of the nasal cavity is critical for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tropism.

A new study that analyzed protein levels in 2,002 primary tumors from 14 tissue-based cancer types identified 11 distinct molecular subtypes, providing systematic knowledge that greatly expands a searchable online database that has become a go-to platform for cancer data analysis by users worldwide.

A large study of 2,002 tumors from 14 types of cancer revealed 11 proteomic subtypes associated with distinct pathways in the tumors. These findings reveal the molecular landscape of cancers at the proteome level, to better understand how cancers grow and spread. The pan-cancer proteomic data is integrated into a comprehensive cancer multi-omic high-throughput data analysis platform that helps evaluate gene expression across subgroups and subtypes of tumors.

Combining AlphaFold2 with experimental and computational techniques has helped scientists figure out the human nuclear pore complex's architecture in greater detail than ever before.

Today we commonly encounter contactless RFID chips in a number of products, but can similar technology be implemented at the molecular level? The answer is yes. The principle of molecular encoding conceived by Miloslav Polášek and his team at IOCB Prague represents a novel method on the frontier of chemistry and modern technologies. Their paper on paramagnetic encoding of molecules was recently published in the journal Nature Communications.

Expert oncologist Roy Herbst, MD, PhD, provides a comprehensive overview of actionable mutations and molecular profiling in NSCLC.

Today we commonly encounter contactless RFID chips in a number of products, but can similar technology be implemented at the molecular level? The answer is yes.

University of Queensland scientists have cracked a problem that's frustrated chemists and physicists for years, potentially leading to a new age of powerful, efficient, and environmentally friendly technologies.

Author(s): Ofir Shein-Lumbroso, Junjie Liu, Abhay Shastry, Dvira Segal, and Oren TalMeasurements of so-called flicker noise can shed light on quantum effects that govern charge transport in nanoscale conductors. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 237701] Published Thu Jun 09, 2022

Actinidia (kiwifruit) is rich in ascorbic acid (AsA) and Vitamin C (Vc) and is known as the "King of Vc," which makes it very popular with consumers. Interestingly, the fruit AsA content of different kiwifruit species varies up to 300- to 400-fold. However, the molecular regulation mechanisms of AsA synthesis in kiwifruit are still poorly understood.

A new study in hamsters and human tissue samples provides a better understanding of how the pandemic virus causes depression, anxiety, and the loss of concentration known as 'brain fog' in patients that develop long COVID.

A new study provides a better understanding of how the pandemic virus causes depression, anxiety, and the loss of concentration known as "brain fog" in patients that develop long COVID.

Over the last few decades, researchers have built minuscule molecular machines that rotate or shuttle other molecules. However, it's difficult to determine the mechanical work and forces that these tiny contraptions produce, which is important when using them as nanorobots or in artificial muscles. Now researchers report molecular motors that twist and untwist like whirligig toys -- enabling the measurement of the energy and torque of their rotations.

Researchers assessed the interactions between carbon nanotubes and SARS-CoV-2.

Researchers at the University of Tokyo have uncovered the molecular mechanism responsible for turning migratory actions on and

Over the last few decades, researchers have built minuscule molecular machines that rotate or shuttle other molecules. However, it's difficult to determine the mechanical work and forces that these tiny contraptions produce, which is important when using them as nanorobots or in artificial muscles. Now, in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, researchers report molecular motors that twist and untwist like whirligig toys—enabling the measurement of the energy and torque of their rotations.

Researchers have uncovered the molecular mechanism responsible for turning migratory actions on and off in nematode worms. The team found that the protein syntaxin plays a vital role in storing memory in the nervous system, and that altering it can affect the migratory behavior of nematodes. This line of research could one day help us better understand the migratory behavior of larger species such as mammals.

Researchers at the University of Tokyo have uncovered the molecular mechanism responsible for turning migratory actions on and off in nematode worms. The team found that the protein syntaxin plays a vital role in storing memory in the nervous system, and that altering it can affect the migratory behavior of nematodes. This line of research could one day help us better understand the migratory behavior of larger species such as mammals.

Scientists have long known that cocaine works by latching on to molecular connectors on the surface of brain cells, allowing dopamine, a chemical that promotes feelings of pleasure and reward, to accumulate in the space between brain cells.

Who could have imagined five years ago that we’d all be swabbing our throats and noses at home to find out whether we have become the latest pandemic victim? But that’s life now, and while everyone knows about lateral flow and PCR tests, few know about the third option available: molecular COVID-19 tests … more… The post App-assisted molecular COVID-19 test combines PCR accuracy with lateral flow convenience appeared first on 9to5Mac.

Our cells perform a marvel of engineering when it comes to packing information into small spaces. Every time a cell divides, it bundles up an amazing 4 meters of DNA into 46 tiny packages, each of which is only several millionths of a meter in length. Researchers from EMBL Heidelberg and the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg have now discovered how a family of DNA motor proteins succeeds in packaging loosely arranged strands of DNA into compact individual chromosomes during cell division.

Using the latest scientific methods, Tom Higham and Katerina Douka from the University of Vienna want to solve a great mystery of human evolution: Why are we the only humans left? Higham and Douka were the first ones to find a first-generation offspring of two different types of human. They continuously publish new results in high impact journals, most recently in Science Advances.

Imagine you wanted to plug a device into an outlet on your wall, but you didn't have a cord that reached all the way. Instead, all you had were short snippets of wire that, put together, weren't enough to cover the distance between the device and the wall. Say you spread them out so they weren't touching each other but traced a dotted line that spanned the whole distance. How would you overcome the gaps between the snippets to get electricity flowing?

Chemists have created light-activated molecular machines and shown they can drill holes through the membranes of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, killing them in as little as two minutes. Their study offers a potential new strategy for fighting antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which have no natural defenses against the mechanical invaders.

Molecular machines that kill infectious bacteria have been taught to see their mission in a new light.

When it is free in cold space, a molecule will spontaneously cool down by slowing its rotation and losing rotational energy in quantum transitions. Physicists have shown that this rotational cooling process can be accelerated, slowed down and even inverted by the molecule's collisions with surrounding particles.

Despite their strong effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2, mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines are associated with adverse post-vaccination effects, such as fatigue; how can this be avoided? In a new study publishing May 31st in the open-access journal PLOS Biology, Ayesa Syenina of the Duke–NUS Medical School in Singapore and colleagues report that a new analysis of blood samples from people vaccinated for COVID-19 has identified distinct molecular characteristics linked to an increased likelihood of post-vaccination fatigue.

Darwin's theory of evolution probably isn't the full explanation for the emergence of life. Even in a barren environment conducive to fierce competition, cooperation between molecular networks may have spawned life on Earth and, by extension, elsewhere in the universe. And molecular cooperation may occur much more readily than expected in nature.

Machine learning is playing an ever-increasing role in biomedical research. Scientists have now developed a new method of using molecular data to extract subtypes of illnesses. In the future, this method can help to support the study of larger patient groups.

Results from the phase 2 BIONIKK trial highlighted the feasibility and positive impact of selecting patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma for treatment with nivolumab plus or minus ipilimumab and a VEGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor based on molecular phenotype.

Expert perspectives on the current landscape of molecular profiling in patients with non–small cell lung cancer.

The characterization a new molecular type of high-risk pediatric liver cancer showed that these tumors had better outcomes when patients were treated by transplantation, rather than by chemotherapy and surgery alone.

In the search for new active agents in medicine, molecules whose atoms are linked in rings are becoming increasingly important. Such ring systems have particularly suitable properties for producing such active agents and they are driving the development of innovative treatments for malignant tumours, as well as for neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. A team of chemists headed by Prof. Frank Glorius from the University of Münster has now succeeded in synthesising new and medically significant small molecular rings, which are difficult to produce because they are particularly sensitive. The team's work has been published in the journal Nature Catalysis.

Our brains rarely record single memories-;instead, they store memories into groups so that the recollection of one significant memory triggers the recall of others connected by time.

Representing and calculating the properties of molecules in a computer is anything but trivial. One of the main challenges is that researchers first have to generate new data instead of working with existing data as they normally do.

Sometimes, even the alteration of a single nucleotide in a gene can cause serious disease. In a young boy with epilepsy, this kind of mutation has not just affected the functioning of the protein in question – it could also curb the functioning of several closely related proteins.

Researchers with The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute have identified a new molecular drug target that could result in new cancer drugs with fewer side effects.

New research from Queen Mary University of London, published in Nature Medicine, has shown that molecular profiling of the diseased joint tissue can significantly impact whether specific drug treatments will work to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

In molecular electronics, single molecules are stretched between two electrodes to form an electrically conducting element in which molecular conductivity is then measured. Although the underlying method for this phenomenon, scanning tunneling microscopy, was awarded the Nobel Prize more than thirty years ago, a major limitation remains: To access molecular conductivity, the molecules to be measured had to be permanently attached to the inorganic gold electrodes, usually via sulfur bridges.

The consequences of global warming are becoming much more severe, and technological advancements to reduce carbon dioxide emissions are in high demand. When hydrogen is burned, it produces water,...

Controlling electrical signals using single molecules enables the miniaturization of transistors in integrated circuits down to the atomic level. This research area of molecular electronics not only paves the way for the next generation of ultra-powerful computers, but also for entirely new electronic systems and methods.

UT Southwestern researchers have discovered a molecular pathway that allows cells to sense when their lipid supplies become depleted, prompting a flurry of activity that prevents starvation.

UT Southwestern researchers have discovered a molecular pathway that allows cells to sense when their lipid supplies become depleted, prompting a flurry of activity that prevents starvation. The findings, reported in Nature, might someday lead to new ways to combat metabolic disorders and a variety of other health conditions.

New research in plants that colonized the base of an active stratovolcano reveals that two simple molecular steps rewired nutrient transport, enabling adaptation.

Applied Molecular Transport’s co-founder exits along with 40% of staff as early pipeline activity paused gmasson Wed, 05/18/2022 - 11:11

A new research paper was published on the cover of Aging (Aging-US) Volume 14, Issue 9, entitled, "Single-cell transcriptomics reveals age-resistant maintenance of cell identities, stem cell compartments and differentiation trajectories in long-lived naked mole-rats skin."

Proteins are present in every biological process and utilize mechanical movements to change their shape using energy from the body. Since even the tiniest structural change in a protein has a major...

FDA clears BD’s newest molecular diagnostics machine and its first test, a three-in-one STI screener apark Fri, 05/13/2022 - 09:36

When we eat and then digest a meal, the nutrients and other useful components in the food are

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensing protein, plays an important role in the strong innate immune response induced by pathogen derived nucleic acids.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a type of high blood pressure in the lungs, in which blood vessels

Investigators believe that molecular classification could be a predictor of survival in patients with recurrent endometrial cancer.

Researchers retrieved the first-ever sequenced spike (S) protein structures of the original Wuhan-Hu 1 SARS-CoV-2 strain, the Alpha, Delta, Delta-plus variants, and Omicron sub-variants BA.1 and BA.2 and compared their structural and molecular level variations.

Research led by Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) has revealed a novel mechanism that regulates secretion of sonic hedgehog (Shh), a key signaling molecule that plays an important role in cancer progression in mammals, opening the door to novel therapeutic strategies for cancer induced by the hedgehog signaling pathway.

A lone molecule free in cold space will cool by slowing down its rotation—it will spontaneously lose its rotational energy in quantum transitions, typically only once in many seconds. This process can be accelerated, slowed down, or even inverted by collisions with surrounding particles.

Christine Chung, DO, spoke with CancerNetwork® about the latest research from the journal ONCOLOGY® about implications of blood-based molecular markers in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Researchers describe the underlying signaling pathway that results in pulmonary arterial hypertension and a novel monoclonal antibody therapy that blocks the abnormal blood vessel formation characterizing the disease.

The human body consists of trillions of cells that constantly communicate with one another. A central role in this communication process is played by receptor proteins on the cell surface. Since they often serve as drug targets, they have been the subject of intensive research. Often there are whole families of receptors. The signal messengers as well as the receptors are very similar, so it is not clear how the signals are distinguished from one another at the molecular level. Now, in a joint research project, scientists from Collaborative Research Centre 1423 at Leipzig University, the Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study and the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai have succeeded in determining high-resolution structures for three related signaling complexes that occur naturally in the body for the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor family, thus shedding light on the small but essential differences. The researchers have now published their new findings in the journal Science

Whether it's making rash decisions or feeling grumpy, hunger can make us think and act differently—"hangry," even. But little is known about how hunger signals in the gut communicate with the brain to change behavior. Now, Salk scientists are using worms as a model to examine the molecular underpinnings and help explain how hunger makes an organism sacrifice comfort and make risky decisions to get a meal.

Bochum researchers have gained new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of absence seizures and potential therapy options.

Author(s): Ábel Kálosi, Manfred Grieser, Robert von Hahn, Ulrich Hechtfischer, Claude Krantz, Holger Kreckel, Damian Müll, Daniel Paul, Daniel W. Savin, Patrick Wilhelm, Andreas Wolf, and Oldřich NovotnýResearchers use lasers and extreme cooling to monitor the rotational states of molecular ions after they collide with electrons, confirming predictions about the rates of these collisions. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 183402] Published Wed May 04, 2022

A recent study published in the journal ACS Agricultural Science & Technology examined the effects of graphene treatment on plant growth and respiration. Study: Graphene-Mediated...

The present study was carried out to determine how often LMWH was prescribed in pregnancy, the risk classification of such women based on the ETV-OBS risk calculator, and how the risk varied with the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Scientists pinpoint the molecular epicenter of deep-sleep regulation. The findings, based on research in mice, identify a gene that makes a protein that regulates delta waves -- electrical signals between neurons that occur during the deepest phases of relaxation and are a hallmark of restorative sleep.

Sens. Diagn.DOI: 10.1039/D2SD00035K, Paper Open Access   This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence.Siyi Zou, Hui Wei, Xiaolin Cui, Wing Cheung Mak, Xuejin Li, Guozhen LiuOral cancer is the sixth most common cancer globally, and pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with oral cancer development and progression. Monitoring of salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines is essential to the early...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

Certain childhood tumors have an extreme need for amino acids. Scientists at the Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), the University of Heidelberg, and HI-STEM gGmbH have now discovered the molecular mechanisms underlying this and how the cancer cells could be turned off.

Researchers report insights into the mechanism of how human NANOG facilitates the activation of cell pluripotency.

Chemists integrated computer functions into rolling DNA-based motors, opening a new realm of possibilities for miniature molecular robots.

Author(s): Q. Chen, R. Sinclair, A. Akbari-Sharbaf, Q. Huang, Z. Dun, E. S. Choi, M. Mourigal, A. Verrier, R. Rouane, X. Bazier-Matte, J. A. Quilliam, A. A. Aczel, and H. D. ZhouMolecular magnets with one unpaired electron per molecule offer promise in the ongoing search for exotic states of matter, including quantum spin liquids. Here, the authors investigate a series of molecular magnets based on Mo trimer building blocks with one unpaired electron each and find that the magnetic ground states are very sensitive to small changes in the breathing parameter—the ratio between first and second nearest neighbor bond lengths in the breathing kagome lattice that they form. When this parameter is sufficiently close to 1, these materials show an absence of magnetic order and other hallmarks of quantum spin liquid behavior, which may be correlated

There are cells in the body known as pluripotent stem cells that are yet to specialize in a particular biological function. These cells maintain the potential to become any of the possible cell types in an organism. Pluripotent stem cells have shown great promise in fields such as regenerative and transplant medicine for their properties, including unlimited self-renewal. The protein NANOG is the telltale marker of pluripotent stem cells and a necessary ingredient to reset specialized cells back into naïve, untrained stem cells. How human NANOG accomplishes this feat remains largely a mystery.

Oncologists often turn to chemo​therapy, an aggressive treatment that often relies on trial and error. It can be difficult to tell how many cancer cells chemotherapy has destroyed—let alone why different tumors may respond to the same treatment in different ways.  Hadley Sikes, the Esther and Harold E. Edgerton Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT…

Amgen opts to DARP-out after seeing early data from $50M Molecular Partners collab aarmstrong Tue, 04/26/2022 - 16:45

A potential game-changer in the tuberculosis epidemic was how the tuberculosis community viewed rapid molecular tests for tuberculosis and tuberculosis drug resistance. This was 12 years ago, with the launch of Xpert MTB/RIF, which gives results in less than two hours, simultaneously diagnosing tuberculosis and testing if the bacteria have rifampicin resistance, a type of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is caused by resistance to at least both rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most effective first-line drugs used to treat tuberculosis.

If "Jurassic Park" fueled your interest in dinosaurs, genetics, and all things ancient, you aren't alone. There's an entire field dedicated to looking for ancient DNA—molecular paleontology—that predates Michael Crichton's take on dino clones. And the people behind that research are just as varied and interesting as any of Crichton's subjects.